Q.The diameter of the cross-section of a wire is reduced by 50%. To keep the volume unchanged, by what percentage must the length of the wire be increased?

Let the original diameter of the wire be \(2r\) units, its length be \(h\) units, and its volume be \(V\) cubic units. \[ \therefore V = \pi r^2 h \quad \text{(since radius = \(r\))} \] If the diameter is reduced by 50%, the new diameter becomes: \[ 2r - 2r \times \frac{50}{100} = 2r - r = r \] So, the new radius is: \[ \frac{r}{2} \] To keep the volume unchanged, let the new length be \(H\) units. Then the new volume is: \[ V = \pi \left(\frac{r}{2}\right)^2 \cdot H = \frac{\pi r^2 H}{4} \] According to the question: \[ \frac{\pi r^2 H}{4} = \pi r^2 h \Rightarrow H = 4h \] So, the increase in length is: \[ H - h = 4h - h = 3h \] Percentage increase in length: \[ \frac{3h}{h} \times 100\% = 300\% \] Therefore, the length of the wire must be increased by 300%
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