Q.If \(x = r\cos\theta\cos\phi\), \(y = r\cos\theta\sin\phi\), and \(z = r\sin\theta\), then what is the value of \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2\)? (a) \(r\) (b) \(1\) (c) \(r^2\) (d) \(-r^2\)
Answer: C
\(x^2 + y^2 + z^2\) \(= (r\cos\theta\cos\phi)^2 + (r\cos\theta\sin\phi)^2\) \(+ (r\sin\theta)^2\) \(= r^2\cos^2\theta\cos^2\phi + r^2\cos^2\theta\sin^2\phi\) \(+ r^2\sin^2\theta\) \(= r^2\cos^2\theta(\cos^2\phi + \sin^2\phi) + r^2\sin^2\theta\) \(= r^2\cos^2\theta + r^2\sin^2\theta\) \(= r^2(\cos^2\theta + \sin^2\theta)\) \(= r^2\)
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